Coffee is an important cash crop of India. It is grown in the hilly regions of south Indian states like Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The coffee belt in India extends over 2,000 km from north to south.
The main coffee producing districts in Karnataka are Chickmagalur, Chikballapur, Hassan, Kodagu (Coorg) and Tumkur. In Kerala, it is grown in Idukki district while in Tamil Nadu it is cultivated in Nilgiris district.
The coffee cultivation needs a hot and humid climate with well-distributed rainfall throughout the year.
An average temperature of 20oC and annual rainfall of 150-200 cm is considered ideal for its growth. Coffee thrives best on red lateritic soils rich in organic matter with good drainage. The soil should be loose and deep so that the roots can penetrate easily.
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world and its popularity is only increasing. India is one of the top producers of coffee in the world and there are many methods of cultivation used in this country.
The first method is called shade-grown coffee.
This method uses trees to provide natural shade for the coffee plants. This helps to protect the plants from harsh weather conditions and also provides a habitat for animals. Shade-grown coffee usually has a higher quality flavor because the beans are not exposed to direct sunlight.
The second method is called sun-grown coffee. In this method, the coffee plants are grown in full sun. This results in a higher yield but can sometimes lead to lower quality beans due to exposure to excessive heat and light.
Sun-grown coffee is typically less expensive than shade-grown coffee.
The third method is called organic coffee. This type of cultivation does not use any synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
Instead, organic farmers rely on natural methods to help their crops grow. Organic coffees often have a distinct flavor that many people enjoy. They can be more expensive than other types of coffees, but many people think they are worth the extra cost.
No matter which method of cultivation you choose, you can be sure that Indian coffee will be delicious!
What are the Methods of Cultivation of Coffee?
Coffee is typically cultivated in two ways: with or without shade. The coffee plant prefers a hot, humid climate and well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Coffee is grown commercially in more than 70 countries around the world, with Brazil being the largest producer.
The methods of cultivation for coffee are largely divided into two types: traditional farming and intensive farming. Traditional farming involves growing coffee trees under the shade of taller trees to provide shelter from direct sunlight, while also allowing for natural ventilation and drainage. This type of cultivation is often used in regions where coffee has been historically grown, such as parts of South America and Africa.
Intensive farming involves growing coffee trees in full sun exposure, often using irrigation systems to ensure proper watering. This type of cultivation is more common in newer producing regions such as Vietnam and Indonesia. It generally results in higher yields but can also lead to greater environmental degradation due to increased water usage and chemical inputs.
How is Coffee Cultivated in India?
India is the second-largest producer of coffee in the world, after Brazil. The majority of Indian coffee is grown in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Most of the coffee plantations in India are located in hilly regions with high altitudes, which provides ideal growing conditions for coffee plants.
Coffee cultivation in India began in the late 1600s when some coffee plants were brought from Yemen and planted in the gardens of the Mysore palace. From there, it spread to other parts of Karnataka and then to Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Today, there are more than 250,000 coffee growers in India.
The process of cultivating coffee begins with selecting suitable land and preparing it for planting. Coffee plants can only be grown in certain types of soil and climates, so it is important to choose an area that will provide good growing conditions. Once the land has been prepared, seedlings are planted and cared for until they are ready to be transplanted into larger pots or directly into the ground.
Coffee plants need a lot of water and sunlight to grow properly, so they are usually watered twice a day and kept under shade cloths during midday when the sun is at its strongest. After about three years, coffee trees begin to produce fruit (coffee cherries). It takes another year or two for these cherries to ripen fully.
When the cherries are ripe, they are picked by hand and sorted according to quality. The best cherries go on to be processed into Arabica coffees while lower-quality beans may be used for Robusta coffees or sold as unroasted green beans. After sorting, the beans are pulped (the fleshy part removed) using large machines called pulpers; this can also be done by hand but it is much slower and less efficient.
The next step is fermentation: this helps break down sugars that would make the coffee too sweet if they were left intact. The beans are placed into tanks filled with water where they ferment for around 48 hours; during this time, yeasts present in the air convert some of the sugars into alcohols.
After fermentation, the beans still have most of their outer layers intact; these need to be removed before roasting can take place.
What are the Two Main Ways to Grow Coffee?
There are two main ways to grow coffee: in the shade or in the sun.
Shade-grown coffee is grown under a canopy of trees. This method of growing coffee was once the only way coffee was grown, and it is still used today in many parts of the world.
Shade-grown coffee has many benefits, including being more environmentally friendly and producing a higher quality bean. However, it is also more labor intensive and requires more land than sun-grown coffee.
Sun-grown coffee is grown in open fields that receive full sunlight.
This method of growing coffee was developed in the 1970s and has become increasingly popular over the last few decades. Sun-grown coffee is less labor intensive and requires less land than shade-grown coffee. However, it can be more harmful to the environment and produces a lower quality bean.
What are the Causes for the Development of Coffee Cultivation in India?
Coffee cultivation in India began in the late 1600s, when the Portuguese introduced coffee to the country. Indian coffee production slowly expanded over the next century, reaching a peak in the early 1800s. The British East India Company played a significant role in promoting coffee cultivation during this period, offering financial incentives to growers and encouraging investment in infrastructure and processing facilities.
However, coffee production declined sharply after independence in 1947, due largely to government policies that favored tea production over coffee. It wasn’t until the 1990s that coffee cultivation began to recover in India, thanks to liberalized economic policies and renewed interest from foreign investors. Today, India is one of the world’s leading producers of coffee, with more than 400 thousand metric tons produced each year.
Coffee Cultivation Ppt
Coffee cultivation is the process of growing coffee beans for commercial purposes. The coffee plant is a woody perennial that can grow to 10 meters in height. Coffee trees produce small, white flowers that yield berries known as coffee cherries.
Once ripe, coffee cherries are typically hand-picked and then processed to remove the outer flesh and inner pit. The resulting beans are then roasted, ground, and brewed to create coffee.
Coffee cultivation first began in Ethiopia over 1,000 years ago.
From there, it spread to Sudan, Egypt, Yemen, and Persia. By the 15th century, coffee had made its way to Europe via trade routes from the Middle East. Today, Brazil is the largest producer of coffee in the world followed by Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia, and Ethiopia.
Conclusion
In India, coffee is grown in the southern states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The main method of cultivation is the shade method, where coffee plants are grown under a canopy of taller trees. This provides shelter from the harsh sunlight and also helps to retain moisture in the soil.
Another method used in India is the terrace method, where coffee plants are grown on raised platforms made of earth or stone. This allows for better drainage and prevents waterlogging.
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